Magnetic North • Coordinates • Using a compass • Lensatic compass • Magnetic needle • Compass terminology • GPS • Orienting map • Protractor • Deliberate offset • Finding - Pole Star • Moon compass • Southern Cross • Sun • Shadow-tip • Polar regions • Watch • Trees & plants • Animals & insects • Snow • Wind • Reflections-sky • Steering marks • Straight line walking • Dead reckoning • Estimating distance • Walking in circles
Map scale • Map types • Ground distance • Topographic maps • Contour lines • Water-created features • Care of maps • Types of slopes • Major terrain features
Survival & signaling • Audio signals • Whistle • Light signals • Blazes • Smoke signals • Semaphore • Shadow signals • Aircraft signals • Signal mirror • NWS Radio • Short-wave radio • Amateur radio transmission
Binoculars • Choose binoculars • Magnification • Testing • Double vision • Buying a telescope • Refracting telescope • Reflecting telescope • Additional features for telescopes • Equatorial telescope mount • Meteor shower dates
Sky watching • Northern Lights (Auroras) • Moon phases • Milky Way Galaxy • Sky chart • Celestial navigation by the North Star • Belt of Orion • Southern Cross • UT - Universal time • Angular position